2.3. Recommended procedures
A 0.1 g of OOBAR was mixed with adjust concentration of molybdenum solution, H2SO4, ascorbic acid, and NH4SCN then diluted to 25 mL and shaken 60 min at room temperature. The remaining concentrations of Mo(V) were determined using spectrophotometrically (?max 485 nm) 41. The sorption percentage of Mo(V) and sorption capacity of OOBAR (Q, mmol/g) were calculated.
By using a dynamic technique, 10 g of OOBAR was packed through glass column which has 35 cm long and 1.5 cm in diameter with a bed height at L= 15 cm. A series of 25 mL of tap water, liver mice tissue or vitamins solutions (n = 5) were passed through the OOBAR columns at different flow rate 0.2-1.7 mL/min. The effluent solutions were collected and analyzed spectrophotometrically. Mo(V) was eluted from OOBAR columns with NH4OH (0.05 mol/L) as eluent at a flow rate of 3 mL/min then determined spectrophotometrically.
3. Result and discussion
3. 1. Characterization of olive bio-alkyd resin (OOBAR)
FTIR spectroscopy was used for identification of specific functional groups of OB, COB, OOBAR, and Mo:OOBAR in range 4000–400 cm-1. OB spectrum have broadband at 2996-3660 cm-1 (?OH), sharp peaks at 2933 cm-1 (?CH), 1612 cm-1 (?C?C) and 1084 cm-1 (?C-O-C). The bands of COB spectrum were shifted to 2343-3664, 1606 and 1097 cm-1. In addition, the new band has appeared at 37001 cm-1 while the band at 2933 was absent due to an oxidation process. Also, the bands of OOBAR spectrum were shifted to 3027-3741, 2925, 1631.5 and 1166 cm-1. The new bands have appeared at 2979, 2854 and 1739 and 1459 cm-1 due to C-H (aromatic), C-H (aliphatic), C=O and COOR. There are many sharp peaks for Mo:OOBAR was appeared at 780, 693, 519 and 507 cm-1 due to Mo(V) complexion and other bands for O-H, C-H (aromatic), C-H (aliphatic), C=O and COOR was disappeared due to the cleating agent.
Figure 1
UV-VIS electronic spectra of OB, COB, OOBAR, and Mo:OOBAR were estimated in solid state using Nujol mulls procedure. The higher energy of UV spectra bands of OB was performed at 241-265 nm which were attributed to the ?-?* transitions, and 293-340 nm which was attributed to the n-?* transitions localized on the conjugated system. Higher energy adsorption band in COB was assigned to 241-265 nm which was attributed to the ?-?* transitions, the second band was shifted to 293-355 nm and after oxidation process, there was a new band at 368-370 nm which were assigned to the n-?* transitions. UV spectrum of OOBAR was shown that many absorption bands between 200 and 250 nm at (201, 205, 216, 224, 227-229, 232, 237, 241 and 245) nm which were assigned to ?-?* transitions and due to the several functional groups of OOBAR. Also, many lower energy bands have appeared between 300 and 320 nm due to n-?* transitions. Mo:OOBAR has higher energy adsorption bands at 233-245, 250 and 261 nm which were attributed to the ?-?* transitions, and 264-296 nm which was attributed to the ?-?* and n-?* transitions, and also at 299 and 307 nm which were attributed to the n-?* transitions localized on the conjugated system. There are many lower energy bands were appeared at 247, 255 and 259 nm which were assigned to ?-?* transitions, and also between 300 and 340 nm due to n-?* transitions.
Figure 2