Leaders
are the people who get the work done from the employees concerning the goals of
the company. The leaders play an important role in motivating the employees
through their leadership and communication skills and inherent in them the
vision of the organization. They make the employees work in a manner to achieve
the objectives. The major aim of leaders is to influence and inspire the
employees in order to their performance which as a result increase the
efficiency and productivity in the organization (Selart & Johansen, 2011).
Leader
is
basically the person who is a controller and motivator of any business group to
ensure the business actions and business development by increasing business
performance standard for developing and achieving business team objectives.
They motivate people and ensure proper performance according to the business
standard objectives(Enz,2009).
Managers
are distributed on various levels in an organization in order to manage the
tasks in the different departments. The managers are also concern with the
appraisal of the performances of the employees and they perform this task
through implementing the perform appraisal process at the regular time
intervals (Ionescu & Dragomiroiu,
2014).
Managers
of a business organization indicate those employees who manage business actions
and ensure proper maintenance and teams to reach business objectives. They also
ensure report making and bridging between the leaders and directorial of the
business organization (Mukesh Trehan, 2014).
The main differences between
leaders and managers:
Often
the roles of managers and leaders are considered as interchangeable, but their
lies a difference between the functions which are performed by the managers and
the leaders in order to get the employees work for the organization.
The
Leaders creates and communicates the mission and vision of the organization and
inspires the employees to follow them, whilst the managers perform the tasks of
setting the objectives as per vision and mission of the company.
Managers
Leaders
Managers
set the objectives of the company.
Leaders
persuade the objectives developed by the managers.
Managers
communicate the policies to the leaders.
Leaders
communicate and influence the employees to work as per the policies.
Managers
give direction to the groups.
Leaders
provide directions in team.
Managers
create the ideas for the betterment of the organization.
Leaders
play the role of implementing those ideas into reality.
Managers
focus on things.
Leaders
focus on people.
The
major role of managers is planning in the organization.
While
the role of leaders is to inspire the employees to work.
Managers
direct the work to the employees.
Leaders
motivate the employees to work.
The functions of managers and the role of
leaders in the organization are as follows:
Planning:
·
The
overall function of managers of Toyota Plc is to plan and set the goals
of the company that complies to increase the revenues and sales of the cars.
The main strategies in Toyota Plc include KAIZEN which contributes in the
continuous improvement leading to better products and profitability.
·
The role
of the leaders in Toyota is to communicate effectively to the managers to the employees to focus their
effort of the for the accomplishment of company’s goals and objectives.
Organizing:
·
The
managers of Toyota Plc,
organize and utilize the resources of the organization in an effective manner
in order to fulfill the organizational goals.
·
The
role of the leaders is to efficiently allocate the resources and
motivate the employees to perform such as the available resources are utilized
for the best outcome.
Directing:
·
The
managers direct the tasks that need to be done to the employees and staff of Toyota Plc.
·
The
leaders play a role of creating a team and directing how the work should be
accomplished.
Coordinating:
·
The
managers of Toyota Plc, coordinate the functions of the organization for the
best results.
·
The
role of leaders in the function of coordinating the activities consists in proper
delegation of the activities.
Controlling:
·
The
strategies formulated by the managers and the implementation of these
strategies by the leaders in the Toyota Plc are controlled and monitored by the
mangers of the company
·
The
leaders verify the outcomes of the performance of the employees with the
standards as laid down by the managers and guide the employees accordingly
(Enescu & Enescu, 2010).
P2 Examine examples of how the
role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational
contexts.
The functions of the management along with
the styles of leadership applied to the organization can be implied on Toyota
Plc to improve the strategies and operations of the company with the aim of
lowering the costs of production..
Leaders and managers use their roles and
functions for the fulfillment of the organization’s goals and objectives.
Considering the situation where the cost of
production increases because the main suppliers decided to increase their
products prices, leaders and managers
would have to use their skills and diligence and find strategies in handling
production cost and still deliver quality products and increase the sales and
revenue of the company. The combined efforts of theories of management along with
the leadership skills reveal the organisation’s power in dealing with various
problems such as lowering the production costs.
Classical
management theory is the
theory where management focuses more on production and less on the employees
and it is applied in Toyota Plc, as managers make the policies with the aim to
enhance the productivity. KAIZEN is a strategy developed by managers that
applies to both, managers and employees, to continually improve the production.
Leaders can adopt the participative style of
leadership and assist managers in the task of reducing the costs of production.
The contemporary theory of management
This theory says that a proper combination of
workers and their knowledge, training and tools leads to organizational effectiveness
in satisfying customers.
The managers can plan the strategies like
search and selection of suppliers in order to find good quality products at a
lower price.
The
leaders in Toyota Plc, use their skills to motivate the employees to be
positive and don’t show resistance about adopting new and advanced technologies
in order to lower the costs of production, by creating an environment of trust
Management
by objective(MBO) is the
theory where managers and employees work together for the achievement of goals
for a certain period of time.
The managers work with the employees
to set, record and monitor the standards of the performance and the leaders
translate organizational goals into personal goals for the employees.
Contingency theory focuses on the
change in the strategies according to the changes in the situations. As
conditions are always changing, the leaders play a huge role in influencing the
employees to be prepared for changes and accept the challenges existent in the
market.
Considering the current changes in the
production costs, the managers of Toyota Plc can implement several changes in
the operational activities to lower the costs of the materials and equipment
received from the suppliers, such as finding other suppliers or purchasing
equipment that would allow the company to produce the products itself.
Behavioral
theory of management often referred
to as the human relations movement, is the opposite of classical management and
is focuses more on the human factor and its behavior at work, promoting that
motivation and group dynamics improve productivity.
According to this theory, the success of
Toyota depends on the leaders and managers behavior. For example, if leaders
will adopt the authoritative style and dictate what needs to be done, whilst he
acts totally different from what he says, employees will not follow him.
P3. Apply different theories and
models of approach, including situational leadership, systems leadership and
contingency
In the business organization of Toyota,
various business oriented leadership theories are implemented for getting the
most effective business solutions. Therefore, the whole business action of the
organization is required different types of leadership theory implementation.
In the following session, different types of business leadership theories along
with model and application have been provided.
Situational
leadership: This
type of business leadership is not skill implementation oriented leadership of
the business leaders of this organization. This business theory of leadership
is basically based on the intuition characteristic of the leader (Mukesh Trehan, 2014).
Advantage:
The main advantage of this type of business
leadership application is to get rid of any business complexity and developing
more flawless business operations to earn business objectives (Chary, 2012).
Disadvantages:
Skill development in this type of business
organization is not promoted. Moreover, situational business leadership cannot
provide any secured business solution based on the business predictions (Chary, 2012).
Application:
Toyota can apply this type of business
leadership when any business strategic implementation has been conducted. This
type of business leadership will also allow removing any business complex
situation and reducing business risks (Chary, 2012).
System
leadership: System
leadership allows a business organization to develop and change the business
actions regarding the improvement of the business organizations strategy and
organizational model (Hiriyappa, 2009 ).
Advantage:
System leadership provides the business model
up gradation. It also ensures objective oriented business development by
changing the whole organizational structure (Walker, 2016).
Disadvantages:
This type of leadership has a very little
flexibility to ensure business responsibility modification opportunities. This
application can reduce business functioning properly (Hiriyappa, 2009 ).
Application:
System leadership provides the business
organization modification in Toyota to ensure more production. Also, to improve
business finance and other resource management, they have to implement this
type of business leadership (Walker, 2016).
Contingency
leadership: Leadership
actions for developing business in taking different business decisions
according to the proper situation development and skill implementation by a
business leader (Enz, 2009).
Advantage:
The main advantage of this type of business
leadership is that it provides the maximum flexibility in situation development
and business action implementation. Skills or situation based changes; any choice
can be implemented according to the business demand (Mukesh Trehan, 2014).
Disadvantages:
Skill changing or developing any situation is
not possible always. Sometimes decision making becomes hard for this type of
business leadership (Mukesh Trehan, 2014).
Application:
Toyota can implement this type of business
leadership when the organization requires any business complex situation
dealing which is unknown to them. Then, this type of business leadership will
try to develop business solutions according to the situation and based on the
skills of the leader (Enz, 2009).
