The potential impact of
5G Internet
On
Public Transport
Introduction
In Every five to ten years the telecom industry introduces a new generation of Internet technology that will change everything.5G Internet technology is transforming wireless network infrastructure with small-cell networks employing 5G speeds, but not implemented yet. The full potential of economic growth and innovation depends on how the infrastructure upgrades are deployed widespread, however it only shows continued adoption and potential growth. Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output – 64-256 antennas) offering performance “up to ten times current 4G networks. “The emergence of the 5G is a fulcrum in the evolution of mobile technology from a technology that had a transformative impact on personal communications to a true GPT (General Purpose Technologies) that promises to transform entire industries and economies,” says a report by IHS Market and Berkeley Research Group that assesses the importance of 5G technology to the global economy. The United States and China are expected to dominate 5G R&D and capital expenditure, investing a total of $1.2 trillion and $1.1 trillion respectively, says the IHS Market and Berkeley Research Group report.
5G internet technology can allow for safer, more autonomous transportation as public transport vehicles to become smart and self-driving. 5G will have a big impact on the automation industry. It will improve data management and be sharing between automotive manufacturers and motorists and will enhance a good connectivity. It will provide the opportunities for the next-generation services within the automation industry, the supply chain and be allowing the further improvement in vehicle production. Autonomous vehicles will be widely in the transportation sector for driverless transport, delivery of commercial and consumer goods. It gives the ability to the vehicles to reliably communicate with each other and everything around them
Variations in the LTE world bring which improvements will benefit all types of public and private industries:
Reliability
Availability
Security
Low, Bounded latency
Impact of 5G on public transport:
1) Impact of 5G on the people in public transport:
The concept is a pneumatic beck that uses a series of linear induction engine and compressors to shoot vehicles at super-fast speeds. The primary regard is that Uber drivers are considered contract earners and not employees, allowance them with the burden of interest tax but few benefits. Abstract While some countries have made circuit in encouraging more sustainable transport and travail model, there are limits as to how far this can be taken foolishly by looking at the decarburization of transport systems, since most parturition is a descend demand and hence is strong authority by decisions taken by public and personal sector agencies in different sectors. While on-demand ride avail is a guess with riders, there is serious legitimate and ethical subject that are mainspring governments to re-evaluate permission for Uber to work in their jurisdictions. Riders can order a vehicle to their placing, any estimate they want it by using an app. The benefit has already eroded the profits of cab crew rates in many cities. On the other capability, safer roads and greater flexibility are alluring for riders. Detaching human control from the vehicle will possibly assist cars to reach their designed kindling economy, an example to less fart destruction and subjugate cost of vehicle ownership. Minor deviate to existent methods of transportation could have considerable impact in the intimately future, while the preface of completely unworn technology, resembling the Hyperloop, might usher in a modern bearing round. However, the safety and public approval of these self-governing vehicles have been a question of public interest and concern. New technologies have the purpose an element shift in the way people see transportation.
2) Parallel Impact on other industries:
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-52003195891Public Transport
-520031958912099641193040Media
20996411930403786625197325Health care
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625144182880High speed Internet access on public transport
6251441828802547951182880Higher quality streaming
25479511828804271341190500Real-time delivery of medical data sets
42713411905005701030167005Virtual reality to train service technicians
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397510738809Connected traffic cloud
397510738809317501558925Real-time high resolution vehicle video surveillance
3175015589252324100745159Live 3D broadcasts
232410074515920669251550670Faster broadband speed
2066925155067037763451558925Ambulance drones
377634515589253960495738201Cloud robotics for assisted living
39604957382015525770723900Infotainment
552577072390053035201543050Improved customer experience during sales process
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Figure:1
3) Combined impact of other technologies :
According to a study general awareness and knowledge of 5G have significantly increased since 2016. It is just an indication that how established the topic has become across all the sectors in recent time. It is showing off how the emergence of a priority across many industries, driving business change and competitive positioning. Industries would take advantage of 5g to improve efficiency, with automotive, healthcare and retail leading the way. According to HIS market, for the global healthcare sector, 5G will enable more than $1 trillion dollars in products and services.5G will facilitate secure device connectivity for patients, caretakers and care providers on 24×7 in health care. A remote sensor could wear by patients, which will transmit the vital signs to their health care providers from home. It will provide a proper medical advice via webcam from doctors by monitoring the data. Patients and doctors can be connected worldwide with 5g networks, instead of approaching patients to doctors for treatment. By the advancement of 5g in health care, it will be beneficial to elderly and physically challenged people. A patient who lives far away from healthcare can be accessible for digital imaging and scan reports. Wearable devices like fitness trackers and smart watches transmit important statics to doctors, which notify them of any changes immediately.
Regulations and Ethics
Factors on Impact of 5G on the people in public transport:
1) A major factor that impacts the industry’s efficiency is customs clearance for long-distance administrations. A special type of lock has been added by people to some containers, and small packages in marine transportation. The lock merges GPRS, GPS, and RFID technologies. It can monitor the shipping process. Customs officers will allow the containers and packages quickly without opening them if it can be proven that the lock has not been opened. This process has increased customs clearance efficiency. Satisfies these needs, IoT (Internet of things) is the key technology. Instead of long-haul shipping, this technology also to situations such as urban administrations, supermarkets, and asset transfer within organizations.
2) A good video experience will exert great pressure on bandwidth. A bandwidth of 8Mbps is required to upload an HD video. For a mobile carrier, it is difficult to transmit huge amounts of video data via their public wireless networks. We should do redefines network capabilities before 5G arrives. Achieve agile operations, software-defined architecture and develop big data operations capabilities need to be established by the carriers. Last year, Huawei Unicom-Shanghai upgrade its business support system. Private lines and cloud services within 10 minutes can subscribe to its internationals bank clients, as a result. Before 5G arrives, we need to understand the new business model and new business values via new connections.
3) User costs have been decreased. Between 2015 and 2013 the average mobile subscriber cost per MB plummeted 99%. Smartphones are now available for as little as $40. Mobile network infrastructure costs have plummeted, while production has raised—a 95 percent cost-cutting from 2G networks to 3G networks, and a further 67 percent drop from 3G to 4G networks. The 4G network offers 10 times faster data transmission speed than 3G.
4) Vehicle to vehicle communication has become one of the most highly-anticipated developments for 5G with the emergence of automated and driverless vehicles. Cars that can send and receive information to one another wirelessly in order to talk and listen to key information in close to real time when they are able to monitor vehicle and journey factors using sensors. They will provide a large number of data that can be used to upgrade a number of current problems including road safety.
Disruption
The network operators need to focus on new revenue streams, faster transport connectivity deployment and a better customer service on the lower total cost of ownership. The factors that are expected in 5g are in service offerings by transport networks need to evolve to provide the desired level of flexibility, simple configurations, support for new operations together with RAN (Radio Access Network) and mobile core networks. As increasing RAN, mobile broadband service capacity and 5G enabled services is the new demands on the transport network. 5G RAN deployment demands a good control and knowledge of the transport network resources. Elastic and virtualized Radio Access Network require the ability to add or remove transport connectivity by increasing flexible and dynamic behavior. For user services, it is important when a new service is launched using device core resources in a different area. The above requirements are a major OPEX in the transport network except if it is fully automated. Software-defined networking has been used to overcome this challenge with an application, the TIF (transport intelligent function) to design an optimal 5G network architecture. With an SDN-controlled overlay, the 5G network is built as self-contained infrastructure for the variety of RAN and user services. It is handled by the SDN controller with the TIF application. The TIF application is responsible to collect and ensure transport characteristics for different RAN connections as well as user services.
Figure: 2
Process identification within the industry
An Intelligent function of transport
By the control layer and automation application framework, the TIF utilizes the network programmability features offered in the various inter-5G-network connectivity cases. To receive connectivity request from the RAN, a cross-domain communication bus is used. The TIF continuously requests insights from the observability function to ensure the optimal actions are taken which retrieves its status and performance from the network via control layer. The path computation and optimization function process the data, once all the data described. The transport control layer provides the configuration actions. Figure 2 shows the control architecture, including the control layer interfaces to the network and the TIF interfaces to the RAN functions and control layer for the transport network and services. For auto-configuration and auto-optimization, its benefits are much more significant while coordinated RAN transport automation is useful for auto-integration.
Process Description
Use case Study: Auto-configuration in ERAN and VRAN scenarios
To arrange radio coordination patterns, inter-site baseband connectivity is needed to give the RAN enough freedom when Elastic Radio Access network (ERAN) is deployed. The connectivity can be complex by manually setting up. To reduce the probability of packet collisions, distribute the traffic load and exploit all the resources of the transport network, multiple paths are desirable. It would reduce the advantages of the ERAN feature itself. On the other hand, the connectivity will be unusable for the application, unless very specific latency constraints are respected. The traffic distribution should be globally optimized to minimize the collision on the whole network.
The connectivity accuracy is not as critical as ERAN in VRAN (Virtual Radio Access Network) deployment. VRAN is also known as split architecture. Due to large-scale and possibly heterogeneous nature of the network, it has complexity in these cases. It may consist of third-party equipment and technology. The operator may be built a self-built portion of the underlay network. In the VRAN, the data center architectural elements must be arranged, which adds further complexity. The required connectivity between virtualized functions in central offices (COs) and the baseband functions in hub sites and aggregation sites is many-to-many. The adaptive transport is needed to ensure continuous traffic optimization after the addition and removal of the packet processing function. In both ERAN and VRAN, to detect temporary partial outage is also required to be forwarded to the RAN domain to allow for consequent actions.
The operational sequence is illustrates in Figure 3. The communication between the RAN and transport is the worth highlights that take place through the TIF. For these specific requirements and translating them into computation of requisite transport paths and optimal distribution of RAN flows, the TIF is responsible. To ensure the desired Service Level Agreement (SLA), optimal distribution of RAN flows across these paths. In Figure 3, in relation to the other components of the network we can see the six main TIF operations: (1) underlay topology discovery, (2) RAN topology discovery, (3) RAN connection setup request, (4) overlay service readiness, (5) overlay aware path setup and (6) real-time topology-aware SLA monitoring. The auto-configuration process for ERAN and VRAN scenarios requires complete automation of the whole sequence.
During underlay topology discovery (1), the TIF acquires the transport network underlay topology from the SDN controller via a standard RESTCONF interface. In RAN topology discovery (2), the TIF acquires the RAN topology directly from the RAN. It then integrates it with the transport topology to build the entire network topology view. During RAN connection setup request (3), RAN sends connectivity requests to the TIF when needed, including endpoint information along with constraints such as maximum allowed latency and expected bandwidth usage, (4) the TIF triggers the process of the overlay service setup based on the connectivity setup request. To match RAN flows to the desired transport paths, it includes the required policies and the VPN services parameters need to be configured. (5) The TIF computes all possible paths according to the overlay service requirements and then requests the SDN controller to provide the desired paths on the transport edge nodes. (6) The monitoring systems continuously supervise both the overlay RAN flows and the underlying transport network and update the TIF in case of any changes. This is necessary because enhanced observation levels are key to providing a desired SLA for the RAN flows. ERAN and VRAN auto-configuration process is designed to enable complex and large scale deployments in simplifying operations and reducing TCO for the operator.
FIGURE: 3
The transport network tends to get less attention than RAN and mobile core networks in discussions about 5G, but as the vital link between all the pieces, it too requires significant enhancement to support the diverse set of services and deployment models expected in 5G. Intelligent, automated coordination between RAN, transport and mobile core networks will undoubtedly be a key part of a robust 5G solution, because without automation it will not be possible to achieve the required levels of flexibility and observability. The TIF solution provides the requisite intelligence and acts as a catalyst for automation, enabling operators to meet the 5G requirements of multiple use cases while simultaneously reducing OPEX.
Use process model
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62212991107860TIF
(Transport Intelligent Function)
62212991107860
